https://www.datamp.org/ Recently added patents en-us https://www.datamp.org/patents/displayPatent.php?id=13766&pn=273,170 Monkey-Wrench Patentee: Frederick H. Seymour - Detroit MI Granted:1883-02-27

Handle comprised of a wire or rod bent to form two parallel rods. The adjustable jaw slides on the rods, one of which is threaded to engage an adjusting nut. At various points these were manufactured in sizes 4" through 21," with several finishes, and with and without the twist handle. Whitman & Barnes took over the ACME wrench line from Capitol Mfg. in 1893. There were multiple models, including "Agricultural" and "RAILROAD," and a modification which moved the adjusting nut from the "front" to the "back" rod. By 1915, Whitman & Barnes had apparently ceased production of the ACME wrench. The patent was also used as the basis for subsequent pipe and nut combination wrench patents -- e.g. no. 447,665, and was "improved on" by patent no. 460,539. The design also had "imitators" - notably from 1920s German makers. An early iteration of the combination wrench was called HOLLAND'S ACME, but the "Holland" has not been identified.
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