https://www.datamp.org/ Recently added patents en-us https://www.datamp.org/patents/displayPatent.php?id=15599&pn=188,262 Pliers Patentee: Henry R. Russell - Swarthmore College PA Granted:1877-03-13

This patent improves Russell's Oct. 19, 1875 patent (no. 168,924) by strengthening the jaws and modifying the joints to keep out dirt. A parallel jaw pliers marked "PAT OCT 19, 75 & MAR 13, 77" corresponds to these patents. One mid-1877 write-up notes initial production of the pliers (sized for jewelry work) by Hagstoz & Thorpe (Philadelpia), followed by a vise based on the same adjusting principle. Another notice mentions multiple jaw styles including cutters. They are listed among the exhibits at the 1878 Paris "World's Fair." Russell's Parallel Pliers appear in standard hardware trade lists well into the 1890s. Hagstoz & Thorpe were also assignees of Quirk's parallel jaw pliers patent 188,408.
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