| US Patent: 422,257 
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| Pipe Wrench and Pipe and Bolt Cutter | 
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| Patentee: |  |
 | Ephraim A. Smead (exact or similar names) - Tioga, PA |  
 
 
 
 
| Manufacturer: |  | Not known to have been produced |  
 
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| Patent Dates: |  
| Applied: | Dec. 07, 1889 |  
| Granted: | Feb. 25, 1890 |  
 
USPTO (New site tip)| Patent Pictures: |  |  |  | Ephraim A. Smead patent February 25, 1890 |  Google Patents
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                        Stan Schulz
 
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| Description: |  | The jaws are held open by a coil spring. Link straps limit their opening. A handle with cam end pivoted on the end of these link straps works to close the jaws, and once firmly closed, to turn the object they grasp. |  |